Glycolysis-Aerobic Respiration
Senin, 23 September 2013
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Glycolysis-Aerobic Respiration
Glycolysis is a process that breaks down glucose into 2 pyruvate molecules. Glycolysis occurs in some stages. Look at Glycolysis Phase
Source: Biology. Concepts & connection, 2006.
Glycolysis is a process that breaks down glucose into 2 pyruvate molecules. Glycolysis occurs in some stages. Look at Glycolysis Phase
Stage 1 Glucose
entering the cell is phosphorylated with the help of hexokinase enzyme to form glucose 6-phosphate. The reaction
requires energy which is obtained from
the conversion of ATP into ADP.
Stage 2
Phosphoglucoisomerase converts
glucose 6-phosphate into its isomer,
fructose 6-phosphate
Stage 3 The enzyme phosphofructokinase uses another ATP molecule
to transfer a phosphate group to
fructose 6-phosphate to form fructose
1, 6-biphosphate.
Stage 4 Fructose
1,6-biphosphate (6 carbon
molecules) is broken down into 3 carbon molecules, namely
glyceraldehide-8- phosphate (G3P or PGAL).
Stage 5 Each
glyceraldehide-3-phosphate changes
into lr3-biphosphoglycerate
(PGAP) by triose phosphate dehydrogenase. In this
stage, there also occurs electron
transfer so that NAD changes into NADH.
and the binding of, anorganic
phosphate from cytoplasm.
Stage 6 The change
of 1,3-bisphosphate- glycerate into 3-phosphoglycerate (PGA) occurs by the help of
phosphoglycerokinase. In the stage, the
formation of 2 ATP molecules also occurs
by using available phosphate group in
the previous stage.
Stage 7 The change of 3-phosphoglycerate into 2-phosphoglycerate occurs because
phosphoglyceromutase relocates its phosphate
group.
Stage 8 The change of
2-phosphoglycerate into
2-phosphoenol-pyruvate (PEP) occurs because of enzyme enolase's help which releases 2 water molecules.
Stage 9 2-phosphoenol pyruvate changes into pyruvic acid with the help of
pyruvatkinase enzyme and produces
2 ATP molecules
Based on those stages, from
the first to the fourth
stages are energy utilization
stages producing 2 ATP. Meanwhile, from
the fifth to the ninth phases are energy production phases producing 4 ATP. It can be concluded
that a single glucose molecule in
glycolysis produces a total of 2
molecules of pyruvic acid, 2 molecules
of ATP, and 2 molecules of NADH. Then, each pyruvic acid is ready to enter Krebs cycle
in mitochondria
The Input And Output At Glycolysis
Concept Map
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